Introduction and objective:
The global tobacco smoking prevalence is estimated at 22.3% of the adult population. In Poland, nearly 1/4 of all adults smoke cigarettes (TC). The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of adult Poles using traditional and novel nicotine-containing products, as well as to determine factors linked with choosing e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTP).

Material and methods:
A representative cross-sectional study was conducted (CATI technique, data collected March-May 2022) with a random sample of 5,000 inhabitants of Poland aged 18+.

Results:
The total current prevalence of use of one or more of the analyzed products (TC, e-cigarettes, HTP) was 24.4% (95%CI:23.2–25.6%). Current users of TC amounted to 21.1% (95%CI:20.0–22.2). The prevalence of everyday users of TC was 16.5% (95%CI:15.5–17.5%) with another 4.6% (95%CI:4.0–5.2%) smoking TC occasionally. The total current prevalence of use of e-cigarettes was 3.2%, where current everyday prevalence was 1.9% (95%CI:1.6–2.4) and 1.3% (95%CI:1.0–1.7) occasional. The total current prevalence of use of HTP was 3.4% where current everyday prevalence was 1.8% (95%CI:1.5–2.2) and 1.6% (95%CI:1.3–2.0) occasional.

Conclusions:
In 2022, the current use prevalence of HTP (every day or occasional) is similar to the use prevalence of e-cigarettes among adults living in Poland. In 2022, the current smoking prevalence of TC in Poland was 6–7 times higher than the current use prevalence of HTP or e-cigarettes. Although the smoking prevalence of TC has decreased in the last 10 years, it remains higher in Poland when compared to the average in the European Union.