RESEARCH PAPER
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Weekly physical activity (PA) in adolescents is significantly correlated with the educational programme and school environment, where the basis of healthy work habits and a healthy lifestyle is laid. The aim of the study was to identify the differences in the trend and the structure of the weekly step count in adolescent boys and girls in the context of the Polish school environment.

Material and methods:
A total of 930 boys and 1,354 girls aged 15–19 years from 64 secondary schools in the Katowice region participated. The research was conducted between 2011–2018. For the objective monitoring of weekly PA, Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometers were used.

Results:
Between 2011–2014 and 2015–2018, no significant differences were observed in step counts on an average week day, school day, or weekend day. This means that the level of PA, expressed as daily step count, did not decrease between the two 4-year periods. On average, boys performed 10,799 steps/day, while girls performed 10,130 steps/day. The recommendation of 11,000 steps/day was achieved by 42.2% of boys and 35.3% of girls. A significant decrease by 8.6 percentage points in the achievement of 11,000 steps/day between the two 4-year periods was observed only in boys.

Conclusions:
It is positive that in the 8-year monitoring of PA, there was no significant decrease in the average steps/day for Polish boys and girls. However, most boys and girls did not meet the 11,000 steps/day recommendation. Both boys and girls were most physically active on Friday and least physically active on Sunday.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This paper was supported by research grants from the Czech Science Foundation (no. 13-32935S)—“The objectification of comprehensive monitoring of school mental and physical strain in adolescents in the context of physical and mental condition” and the Czech Science Foundation (no. 17–24378S)—“Social norms intervention in the prevention of excessive sitting and PA promotion among Czech adolescents.”
 
REFERENCES (62)
1.
Ekelund U, Luan J, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, Griew P, Cooper A. Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. J Am Med Assoc. 2012 Feb; 307(7): 704–12. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.156.
 
2.
Kumar B, Robinson R, Till S. Physical activity and health in adolescence. Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Jun; 15(3): 267–72. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-267.
 
3.
Corder K, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, Andersen LB, Cardon G, Page A, et al. Age-related patterns of vigorous-intensity physical activity in youth: The International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Prev Med Rep. 2016 Dec; 4: 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.006.
 
4.
Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, Kohl III HW. Physical activity change during adolescence: A systematic review and a pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011 Jun; 40(3): 685–98. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq272.
 
5.
Katzmarzyk PT, Lee IM, Martin CK, Blair SN. Epidemiology of physical activity and exercise training in the United States. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Jun; 60(1): 3–10. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.01.004.
 
6.
Corder K, van Sluijs EM, Ekelund U, Jones AP, Griffin SJ. Changes in children’s physical activity over 12 months: Longitudinal results from the SPEEDY study. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct; 12(4): e926–35. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0048.
 
7.
Aubert S, Barnes JD, Abdeta C, Abi Nader P, Adeniyi AF, Aguilar-Farias N, et al. Global Matrix 3.0 Physical activity report card grades for children and youth: Results and analysis from 49 countries. J Phys Act Health. 2018 Nov; 15(S2): S251–73. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0472.
 
8.
Gába A, Rubín L, Badura P, Roubalová E, Sigmund E, Kudláček M, et al. Results from the Czech Republic’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. J Phys Act Health. 2018 Nov; 15(2): S338–40. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0508.
 
9.
Frömel K, Svozil Z, Chmelík F, Jakubec L, Groffik, D. The role of physical education lessons and recesses in school lifestyle of adolescents. J Sch Health. 2016 Feb; 86(2): 143–51. doi: 10.1111/josh.12362.
 
10.
Hubáčková R, Groffik D, Skrzypnik L, Frömel K. Physical activity and inactivity in primary and secondary school boys’ and girls’ daily program. Acta Gymnica. 2016; 46(4): 193–200. doi: 10.5507/ag.2016.020.
 
11.
Sigmundova D, El Ansari W, Sigmund E, Fromel K. Secular trends: A ten-year comparison of the amount and type of physical activity and inactivity of random samples of adolescents in the Czech Republic. BMC Public Health. 2011 Sep; 11: 731. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-731.
 
12.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Physical Activity Factsheets for the 28 European Union Member States of the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2018. p. 148.
 
13.
Gába A, Rubín L, Sigmund E, Badura P, Dygrýn J, Kudláček M, et al. Executive summary of the Czech Republic’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Acta Gymnica. 2019; 49(2): 92–102; doi: 10.5507/ag.2019.007.
 
14.
Yang L, Cao C, Kantor ED, Nguyen LH, Zheng X, Park Y, et al. Trends in sedentary behavior among the US population, 2001–2016. JAMA. 2019 Apr; 321(16): 1587–97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.3636.
 
15.
Fairclough SJ, Ridgers ND, Welk G. Correlates of children’s moderate and vigorous physical activity during weekdays and weekends. J Phys Act Health. 2012 Jan; 9(1): 129–37. doi: 10.1123/jpah.9.1.129.
 
16.
Frömel K, Kudlacek M, Groffik D, Chmelik F, Jakubec L. Differences in the intensity of physical activity during school days and weekends in Polish and Czech boys and girls. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2016 Jun; 23(2): 357–60. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1203905.
 
17.
Groffik D, Mitáš J, Jakubec L, Svozil Z, Frömel K. Adolescents’ physical activity in education systems varying in the number of weekly physical education lessons. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2020 Jan; 24: 1–11. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1688754.
 
18.
Bergier B, Bergier J, Paprzycki P. Level and determinants of physical activity among school adolescents in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014; 21(1): 75–8. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-2.
 
19.
Jakubec L, Frömel K, Chmelík F, Groffik D. Physical activity in 15–17-year-old adolescents as compensation for sedentary behavior in school. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(9): 3281. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093281.
 
20.
Nováková Lokvencová P, Frömel K, Chmelík F, Groffik D, Bebčáková V. School and weekend physical activity of 15–16 year old Czech, Slovak and Polish adolescents. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Gymn. 2011; 41(3): 39–45. doi: 10.5507/ag.2011.019.
 
21.
Groffik D, Fromel K, Badura P. Composition of weekly physical activity in adolescents by level of physical activity. BMC Public Health. 2020 Apr; 20: 562. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08711-8.
 
22.
Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Beets MW, Belton S, Cardon GM, Duncan S, et al. How many steps/day are enough? For children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Jul; 8: 78. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-78.
 
23.
Šimůnek A, Dygrýn J, Jakubec L, Neuls F, Frömel K, Welk GJ. Validity of Garmin Vívofit 1 and Garmin Vívofit 3 for school-based physical activity monitoring. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2019 Feb; 31(1): 130–36. doi: 10.1123/pes.2018-0019.
 
24.
Vorlíček M, Baďura P, Mitáš J, Rubín L, Banátová K, Kolarčik P, et al. Čeští adolescenti si vytváří zkreslené sociální normy v kontextu sobotnipohybové aktivity [Czech adolescents adopt distorted social norms regarding saturday physical activity]. Tělesná Kult. 2019; 42(2): 48–54. doi: 10.5507/tk.2020.003.
 
25.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2018. 117 p.
 
26.
Kudláček M, Frömel K, Jakubec L, Groffik D. Compensation for adolescents’ school mental load by physical activity on weekend days. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Mar; 13(3): 308. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13030308.
 
27.
Adams MA, Johnson WD, Tudor-Locke C. Steps/day translation of the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guideline for children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Apr; 10: 49. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-49.
 
28.
Silva DAS, Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Maher C, et al. Physical education classes, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 May; 50(5): 995–1004. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001524.
 
29.
Erickson KI, Leckie RL, Weinstein AM. Physical activity, fitness, and gray matter volume. Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Sep; 35(2): S20–28. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.034.
 
30.
Sallis JF, Bull F, Guthold R, Heath GW, Inoue S, Kelly P, et al. Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium. Lancet. 2016 Sep; 388(10051): 1325–36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-36(16)30581-5.
 
31.
Carson V, Tremblay MS, Chaput JP, Chastin SFM. Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jun; 41(6): S294–302. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0026.
 
32.
Rosenberger ME, Buman MP, Haskell WL, McConnell MV, Carstensen LL. 24 hours of sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity with nine wearable devices. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2016 March; 48(3): 457–65. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000778.
 
33.
Tudor-Locke C, Giles-Corti B, Knuiman M, McCormack G. Tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity in adults who relocate: Results from RESIDE. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Aug; 5: 39.08 doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-39.
 
34.
Dössegger A, Ruch N, Jimmy G, Braun-Fahrländer C, Mäder U, Hänggi J, et al. Reactivity to accelerometer measurement of children and adolescents. Med Sci Sport Exer. 2014 Jun; 46(6): 1140–46. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000215.
 
35.
Zembura P, Korcz A, Cieśla E, Goldys A, Nalecz H. Results from Poland’s 2018 Report Card on physical activity for children and youth. J Phys Act Health. 2018 Nov; 15(2): S395–97. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0540.
 
36.
Cameron C, Craig CL, Bauman A, Tudor-Locke C. CANPLAY study: Secular trends in steps/day amongst 5–19 year-old Canadians between 2005 and 2014. Prev Med. 2016 May; 86: 28–33. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.020.
 
37.
Marques A, Gaspar de Matos M. Adolescents’ physical activity trends over the years: A three-cohort study based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Portuguese survey. BMJ Open. 2014; 4: e006012. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006012.
 
38.
Verloigne M, Van Lippevelde W, Maes L, Yildirim M, Chinapaw M, Manios Y, et al. Levels of physical activity and sedentary time among 10- to 12-year-old boys and girls across 5 European countries using accelerometers: An observational study within the ENERGY-project. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012 Mar; 9(1): 34. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-34.
 
39.
Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2020; 4: 23–5. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2.
 
40.
Brusseau TA, Kulinna PH, Tudor-Locke C, van der Mars H, Darst PW. Children’s step counts on weekend, physical education and non-physical education days. J Hum Kinet. 2011; 27: 116–34. doi: 10.2478/v10078-011-0010-4.
 
41.
Kerr C, Smith L, Charman S, Harvey S, Savory L, Fairclough S, et al. Physical education contributes to total physical activity levels and predominantly in higher intensity physical activity categories. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2016; 24(2): 152–64. doi: 10.1177/1356336X16672127.
 
42.
Mooses K, Pihu M, Riso E-M, Hannus A, Kaasik P, Kull M. Physical education increases daily moderate to vigorous physical activity and reduces sedentary time. J Sch Health. 2017; 87(8): 602–7. doi: 10.1111/ josh.12530.
 
43.
Frömel K, Groffik D, Chmelík F, Cocca A, Skalik K. Physical activity of 15–17 years old adolescents in different educational settings: A Polish–Czech study. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2018 Jun; 26(2): 137–43. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4521.
 
44.
Booth VM, Rowlands AV, Dollman J. Physical activity temporal trends among children and adolescents. J Sci Med Sport. 2015 Jul; 18(4): 418–25. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.002.
 
45.
Dygrýn J, Mitáš J, Gába A, Rubín L, Frömel K. Changes in active commuting to school in Czech adolescents in different types of built environment across a 10-year period. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Oct; 12(10): 12988–98. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121012988.
 
46.
Katzmarzyk PT, Denstel KD, Beals K, Bolling C, Wright C, Crouter SE, et al. Results from the United States of America’s 2016 Report card on physical activity for children and youth. J Phys Act Health. 2016 Nov; 13(11 Suppl 2): S307–13. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0321.
 
47.
Rothman L, Macpherson AK, Ross T, Buliung RN. The decline in active school transportation (AST): A systematic review of the factors related to AST and changes in school transport over time in North America. Prev Med. 2018 Jun; 111: 314–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.11.018.
 
48.
Vorlíček M, Rubín L, Dygrýn J, Mitáš J. Pomáhá aktivní docházka/dojížďka českým adolescentům plnit zdravotní doporučení pro pohybovou aktivitu? [Does active commuting help Czech adolescents meet health recommendations for physical activity?]. Tělesná Kult. 2018; 40: 112–16. doi: 10.5507/tk.2017.005.
 
49.
Carver A, Timperio AF, Hesketh KD, Ridgers ND, Salmon JL, Crawford DA. How is active transport associated with children’s and adolescents’ physical activity over time? Int J Behav Nutr Phys. Act. 2011 Nov; 8: 126. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-126.
 
50.
Burns RD, Pfledderer CD, Brusseau TA. Active transport, not device use, associates with self-reported school week physical activity in adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel). 2019 Mar; 9(3): E32. doi: 10.3390/bs9030032.
 
51.
Mandic S, Hopkins D, Bengoechea EG, Flaherty C, Williams J, Sloane L, et al. Adolescents’ perceptions of cycling versus walking to school: Understanding the New Zealand context. J Transp Health. 2017; 4: 294–304. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2016.10.007.
 
52.
Pérez K, Olabarria M, Rojas-Rueda D, Santamariňa-Rubio E, Borrell C, Nieuwenhuijsen M. The health and economic benefits of active transport policies in Barcelona. J Transp Health. 2017; 4: 316–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.01.001.
 
53.
Frömel K, Groffik D, Mitáš J, Dygrýn J, Valach P, Šafář M. Active travel of Czech and Polish adolescents in relation to their well-being: Support for physical activity and health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar; 17(6): E2001. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062001.
 
54.
Mitáš J, Sas-Nowosielski K, Groffik D, Frömel K. The safety of the neighborhood environment and physical activity in Czech and Polish adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan; 15(1): E126. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010126.
 
55.
Bergier J, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Biliński P, Paprzycki P, Wojtyla A. Physical activity of Polish adolescents and young adults according to IPAQ: A population based study. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19(1): 109–15.
 
56.
Lopes VP, Gabbard C, Rodrigues LP. Physical activity in adolescents: Examining influence of the best friend dyad. J Adolesc Health. 2013 Jun; 52(6): 752–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.004.
 
57.
Vašíčková J, Frömel K, Groffik D, Chmelík F. Decrease in weekend number of steps adolescents. Acta Univ Palack Olomuc Gymn. 2013; 43(1): 49–55. doi: 10.5507/ag.2013.006.
 
58.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Physical Activity in Adolescents. 2016; Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data....
 
59.
Frömel K, Šafář M, Jakubec L, Groffik D, Žatka R. Acedemic stress and physical activity in adolescents. BioMed Res Int. 2020 Feb; 2020: 4696592. doi: 10.1155/2020/4696592.
 
60.
Colley RC, Janssen I, Tremblay MS. Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2012; 44(5): 977–82. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823f23b1.
 
61.
Guinhouya BC, Samouda H, de Beaufort C. Level of physical activity among children and adolescents in Europe: A review of physical activity assessed objectively by accelerometry. Public Health. 2013 Apr; 127(4): 301–11. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.020.
 
62.
Bassett DR Jr, Toth LP, LaMunion SR, Scott E, Crouter SE. Step counting: A review of measurement considerations and health-related applications. Sports Med. 2017; 47(7): 1303–15. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0663-1
 
eISSN:1898-2263
ISSN:1232-1966
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top