RESEARCH PAPER
Influence of socio-economic factors on emotional changes during the postnatal period
1
Department of Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
2
Department of Midwifery Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
3
Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
Corresponding author
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018;25(1):41–45
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
The aim of the study was to identify socio-economic factors that may influence the emotional changes which occur among new mothers in the first days postpartum.
Material and Methods:
A group of 541 women completed a questionnaire consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical calculations were performed with the use of Statistica v.10 and Cytel Studio v. 9.0.0.
Results:
The findings revealed the presence of factors which might increase the risk of mood disorders during the postpartum period.
Conclusions:
Women who demonstrate warning symptoms should be screened for postnatal emotional changes and mood swings during their hospitalization after delivery. EPDS seems to be a suitable tool for early detection of emotional disturbances.
The aim of the study was to identify socio-economic factors that may influence the emotional changes which occur among new mothers in the first days postpartum.
Material and Methods:
A group of 541 women completed a questionnaire consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical calculations were performed with the use of Statistica v.10 and Cytel Studio v. 9.0.0.
Results:
The findings revealed the presence of factors which might increase the risk of mood disorders during the postpartum period.
Conclusions:
Women who demonstrate warning symptoms should be screened for postnatal emotional changes and mood swings during their hospitalization after delivery. EPDS seems to be a suitable tool for early detection of emotional disturbances.
REFERENCES (40)
1.
Gębka M. Miejsce ojca w procesie prokreacji – droga ku równości czy zagrożenie dyskryminacją. In: Marchlewska K, Wedeł-Domaradzka A, eds. Studia i analizy europejskie. Półrocznik naukowy poświęcony zagadnieniom polityki równości Unii Europejskiej, Bydgoszcz 2011; 1(7): 89–100.
2.
Rokach A. Giving life: loneliness, pregnancy and motherhood. Social Behavior and Personality. An International Journal 2004; 32(7): 691–702.
3.
Office for National Statistics Birth Statistics: Review of the Registrar General on British and Patterns of Family Building in England and Wales. Her Majesty’sStationery Office, London 2004.
4.
Snow S. Zdrowie psychiczne w okresie okołoporodowym. In: Edwins J, eds. Praktyka zawodowa. Biblioteka Położnej. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2008: 187–208.
5.
Kaźmierczak M, Gebuza G, Gierszewska M. Zaburzenia emocjonalne okresu poporodowego. Probl Pielęg. 2010; 18(4): 503–511.
6.
Brockington IF. Postpartum psychiatric disorders. Lancet 2004; 363: 303–310.
8.
Kosińska-Kaczyńska K, Horosz E, Wielgoś M, Szymusik I. Zaburzenia afektywne u położnic w pierwszym tygodniu po porodzie – analiza rozpowszechnienia i czynników ryzyka. Ginekol Pol. 2008; 79: 182–185.
9.
Bergant AM, Heim K, Ulmer H, Illmensee K. Early postnatal depressive mood: associations with obstetric and psychosocial factors. J Psychosom Res. 1999; 46(4): 391–394.
10.
Richardson D. Women, Motherhood and Childrearing. MacMillan, London 1993.
12.
Hannah P, Adams D, Lee A, Glover V, Sandler M. Links Between Early Post-partum Mood and Postnatal Depression. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160: 777–780.
13.
Jaeschke R, Siwek M, Dudek D. Poporodowe zaburzenia nastroju – update 2012. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsycholog. 2012; 7(3): 113–121.
14.
Robertson E, Grace S, Wallington T, Stewart DE. Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature. Gen Hosp Psychiat. 2004; 26: 289–295.
15.
Krzyżanowska-Zbucka J. Problemy emocjonalne kobiet w okresie okołoporodowym. Fundacja Rodzić po Ludzku, Warszawa 2008.
16.
Mojs E, Czarnecka-Iwańczuk M, Głowacka MD. Poziom lęku jako stanu i cechy oraz depresji we wczesnym połogu – doniesienia wstępne. Psychiatr Pol. 2013; 47(1): 31–40.
17.
Reroń A, Gierat B, Huras H. Ocena częstotliwości występowania depresji poporodowej. Ginekol Prakt. 2004; 3: 32–35.
18.
Iwanowicz-Palus G, Bień A. Psychoprofilaktyka u kobiet w ciąży. In: Bień A, ed. Opieka nad kobietą ciężarną. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2009: 342–361.
19.
Chrzan-Dętkoś M, Dyduch-Maroszek A, Humięcka A, Karasiewicz K. Uwarunkowania i konsekwencje depresji poporodowej. Psychoterapia 2012; 2(161): 55–63.
20.
Jardri R, Pelta J, Maron M, et al. Predictive validation study of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the first week after delivery and risk analysis for postnatal depression. J Affec Disorders 2006; 93(1–3): 169–76.
21.
Affonso DD, De AK, Horowitz JA, Mayberry LJ. An international study exploring level of postpartum depressive symptomatology. J Psychosom Res 2000; 49: 207-216.
22.
Bielawska-Batorowicz E. Psychologiczne aspekty prokreacji. „Śląsk” Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Katowice 2005: 221–242.
23.
Kossakowska-Petrycka K. Adaptacja polskiej wersji kwestionariusza oceny ryzyka depresji poporodowej. Post Psychiatr Neurol. 2007; 16(4): 303–308.
24.
Beck C. Post-traumatic stress disorder due to childbirth: the aftermath. Nurs Res. 2004; 53(4): 216–224.
25.
Ryding E, Wijma B, Wijma K. Post-traumatic stress reactions after emergency caesarean section. Acta Obstet Gyn Scan 1997; 76: 856–861.
26.
MacLean L, McDermott M, May C. Method of delivery and subjective distress: women’s emotional responses to childbirth practices. J Reprod Infant Psyc. 2000; 18: 153–162.
27.
Sὅderquist J, Wijma K, Wijma B. Traumatic stress after childbirth: the role of obstetric variables. J Psychosom Obst Gyn. 2002; 23(1):31–39.
28.
Crompton J. Post-traumatic stress disorder and childbirth. BJM 1996; 4: 290–293.
29.
Czerwiak G, Michlska M, Zdziebło K. Problemy emocjonalne związane z porodem. Ann Acad Med Siles. 2006; 60(1): 31–34.
30.
Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Brit J Psychiat. 1987; 150: 782–786.
31.
Pięta B, Jurczyk MU, Wszołek K, Opala T. Emotional changes occurring in women in pregnancy, parturition and lying-in period according to factors exerting an effect on a woman during the peripartum period. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014; 21(3): 661–665.
32.
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiat Scand. 1983; 67: 361–370.
33.
Bedford A, de Pauw K, Grant E. The structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): an appraisal with normal, psychiatric and medical patient subjects. Pers Indiv Differ. 1997; 23(3): 473–478.
34.
Podolska MZ, Majkowicz M, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Ronin-Walknowska E. Kohabitacja jako silny czynnik predykcyjny depresji okołoporodowej. Ginekol Pol. 2009; 80(4): 280–284.
35.
Gebuza G, Kaźmierczak M, Gierszewska M, Michalska E. Problemy kobiet w połogu i ich przyczyny. Perinatol Neonatol Ginekol. 2010; 3(4): 290–295.
36.
Bałkowiec-Iskra E, Niewada M. Depresja poporodowa – rozpoznawanie i leczenie. Przew Lek. 2002; 5(11/12): 104–110.
37.
Blum LD. Psychodynamics of postpartum depression. Psychoanal Psychol 2001; 24(1): 45–62.
38.
Guszkowska M. Lęk przed porodem i determinujące go czynniki. Perinatol Neonatol Ginekol. 2012; 5(3): 154–161.
39.
Kaczmarczyk-Chałas K, Baryła M, Bielecki W, Drygas W, Stelmach W. Wykształcenie a zdrowie – czynniki warunkujące korzystanie ze świadczeń zdrowotnych wśród podopiecznych Łódzkiej Regionalnej Kasy Chorych. Menedżer Zdrowia 2003; 5: 68–71.
40.
Makara-Studzińska M, Morylowska-Topolska J, Sygit K, Sygit M, Goździewska M. Socio-demographical and psychosocial determinants of anxiety symptoms in a population of pregnant women in the regions of central and eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013; 20(1): 195–202.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.