Online first
Current issue
Archive
Special Issues
About the Journal
Publication Ethics
Anti-Plagiarism system
Instructions for Authors
Instructions for Reviewers
Editorial Board
Editorial Office
Contact
Reviewers
All Reviewers
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
General Data Protection Regulation (RODO)
RESEARCH PAPER
The strategies of orthodontic treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency
1
Chair and Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
2
Stankowscy&Białach Dentistry, Lublin, Poland
3
Department and Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
5
Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Corresponding author
Michał Łobacz
Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University, Chodźki 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University, Chodźki 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Growth hormone (GH) is crucial for body growth and affects parameters such as bone development. Malocclusions, resulting from discrepancies between the dental arches of the maxilla and mandible, are common in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The study aimed to assess the frequency of malocclusions and dental irregularities in children treated for GHD and evaluate discrepancies between their skeletal, chronological, and dental ages.
Material and methods:
The study included 43 children aged 7–17 years undergoing recombinant growth hormone therapy for GHD. A control group comprised 46 healthy children with similar socio-demographic conditions. Clinical dental examinations, alginate impressions, and panoramic X-rays were performed. Orthodontic analyses were conducted using OrtoBajt Ortodoncja 9.1.1m software, and skeletal age was assessed through radiographic imaging.
Results:
Children with GHD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusions compared to the control group. Common issues included crowding, delayed skeletal age, and narrow palates. Recombinant growth hormone therapy positively influenced craniofacial development, particularly mandibular growth, enhancing the potential for orthodontic treatment.
Conclusions:
Orthodontic treatment strategies should focus on periods of increased bone plasticity during rhGH therapy. Regular monitoring is essential to promptly address developmental changes and optimize orthodontic outcomes in children with GHD.
Growth hormone (GH) is crucial for body growth and affects parameters such as bone development. Malocclusions, resulting from discrepancies between the dental arches of the maxilla and mandible, are common in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The study aimed to assess the frequency of malocclusions and dental irregularities in children treated for GHD and evaluate discrepancies between their skeletal, chronological, and dental ages.
Material and methods:
The study included 43 children aged 7–17 years undergoing recombinant growth hormone therapy for GHD. A control group comprised 46 healthy children with similar socio-demographic conditions. Clinical dental examinations, alginate impressions, and panoramic X-rays were performed. Orthodontic analyses were conducted using OrtoBajt Ortodoncja 9.1.1m software, and skeletal age was assessed through radiographic imaging.
Results:
Children with GHD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusions compared to the control group. Common issues included crowding, delayed skeletal age, and narrow palates. Recombinant growth hormone therapy positively influenced craniofacial development, particularly mandibular growth, enhancing the potential for orthodontic treatment.
Conclusions:
Orthodontic treatment strategies should focus on periods of increased bone plasticity during rhGH therapy. Regular monitoring is essential to promptly address developmental changes and optimize orthodontic outcomes in children with GHD.
REFERENCES (38)
1.
Ioniță C, Petre AE, Cononov RS, et al. Methods of postural analysis in connection with the stomatognathic system. A systematic review. J Med Life. 2023;16(4):507–514.
2.
Gedrange T, Kunert-Keil C, Heinemann F, Dominiak M. Tissue Engineering and Oral Rehabilitation in the Stomatognathic System. BioMed Res Int. 2017;1–2.
3.
Korona-Glowniak I, Piatek D, Fornal E, et al. Patterns of Oral Microbiota in Patients with Apical Periodontitis. J Clin Med. 2021 Jun 19;10(12):2707. doi: 10.3390/jcm10122707; PMID: 34205290; Free PMC article.
4.
Mameli C, Guadagni L, Orso M, et al. Epidemiology of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Endocrine. 2024;85(1):91–98.
5.
Torlińska-Walkowiak N, Majewska KA, Sowińska A, et al. Skeletal and dental age discrepancy and occlusal traits in children with growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(10):6165–6175.
6.
Boguszewski MCS. Growth hormone deficiency and replacement in children. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2021;22(1):101–8.
7.
Majewska KA, Kedzia A, Kontowicz P, et al. Polymorphism of the growth hormone gene GH1 in Polish children and adolescents with short stature. Endocrine. 2020;69(1):157–164.
8.
Wójcik D, Szalewski L, Pietryka-Michałowska E, et al. Vitamin D and dental caries in children with growth hormone deficiency. Int J Endocrinol. 2019;2019:1–8.
9.
Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Hymer WC, et al. Growth hormones, testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and cortisol: Roles and integration for cellular development and growth with exercise. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:33.
10.
Vasques GA, Andrade NLM, Correa FA, et al. Update on new GH-IGF axis genetic defects. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;63:608–17.
11.
Growth Hormone Research Society. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: summary statement of the GH Research Society. GH Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(11):3990–3.
12.
Grimberg A, Allen DB. Growth hormone treatment for growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature: new guidelines shaped by the presence and absence of evidence. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017:29(4):466–471.
13.
Davidopoulou S, Chatzigianni A. Craniofacial morphology and dental maturity in children with reduced somatic growth of different aetiology and the effect of growth hormone treatment. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):10.
14.
Choi SH, Fan D, Hwang MS, et al. Effect of growth hormone treatment on craniofacial growth in children: Idiopathic short stature versus growth hormone deficiency. J Formos Med Assoc. 2017;116(4):313–321.
15.
Kjellberg H, Beiring M, Wikland KA. Craniofacial morphology, dental occlusion, tooth eruption, and dental maturity. Eur J Oral Sci. 2000;108(5):359–67.
16.
Stolbizer F, Cripovich V, Paolini A. Macrodontia associated with growth-hormone therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2020;(1):53–4.
17.
Jabri MA, Wu S, Zhang Y, et al. A review on comparison of tooth size discrepancies among Angle’s Class I, II, and III malocclusion: Is there a significance? J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(8):994–999.
18.
Rapeepattana S, Thearmontree A, Suntornlohanakul S. Etiology of malocclusion and dominant orthodontic problems in mixed dentition: A cross-sectional study in a group of Thai children aged 8–9 years. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2019;9(4):383.
19.
Leszczyszyn A, Hnitecka S, Dominiak M. Could Vitamin D3 Deficiency Influence Malocclusion Development? Nutrients 2021;13(6):2122.
20.
Łobacz M, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, et al. The Bloody Crossroads: Interactions between Periodontitis and Hematologic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 1;25(11):6115. doi: 10.3390/ijms25116115.
21.
Łobacz M, Wieczorek K, Mertowska P, et al. Evaluation of Peri-Implantitis Bone Defect Healing: Comparing the Efficacy of Small-Particle Dentin and Bio-Oss in Bone Density Attenuation. J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 8;13(16):4638. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164638.
22.
Kawala B, Szumielewicz M, Kozanecka A. Czy ortodonci są jeszcze potrzebni? Epidemiologia wad zgryzowo-zębowych u dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w ostatnich 15 latach. Dent Med Probl. 2009;64(3):273–278.
23.
Lombardo G, Vena F, Negri P, et al. Worldwide prevalence of malocclusion in the different stages of dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(2):115–122.
24.
van Erum R, Mulier M, Carels C, et al. Short stature of prenatal origin: craniofacial growth and dental maturation. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20(4):417–425.
25.
van Erum R, Mulier G, Carels C, et al. Craniofacial growth and dental maturation in short children born small for gestational age: Effect of growth hormone treatment. Horm Res Paediatr. 1998;50(3):141–146.
26.
Kawala B, Matthews-Brzozowska T, Bieniasz J, et al. Dental and skeletal age in children with growth hormone deficiency treated with growth hormone—preliminary report. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2007;13(4):210–212.
27.
Jayakrishnan JM, Reddy J, Vinod Kumar RB. Role of forensic odontology and anthropology in the identification of human remains. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2021 Sep-Dec;25(3):543–547.
28.
Rahnama-Hezavah M, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, et al. How Can Imbalance in Oral Microbiota and Immune Response Lead to Dental Implant Problems? Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 18;24(24):17620. doi: 10.3390/ijms242417620.
29.
Desbarats C, Kerbrat JB, Derombise B, et al. How to adapt orthodontic treatment for a patient with a general pathology? Review of the literature based on six scenarios that challenge the practitioner. Orthod Fr. 2023;94(2):377–386.
30.
Xu J, Iyyanar PPR, Lan Y, et al. Sonic hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development. Differentiation. 2023 Sep-Oct;133:60–76.
31.
Alves Junior CAS, Martins PC, Moreno Aznar LA, et al. Reference growth curves to identify weight status (underweight, overweight or obesity) in children and adolescents: systematic review. Br J Nutr. 2023;130(4):666–678.
32.
Kułaga Z, Grajda A, Gurzkowska B, et al. Polish 2012 growth references for preschool children. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(6):753–761.
33.
Kjellberg H, Lundgren T, Barrenäs ML, et al. Apical root resorptions in girls with Turner syndrome: a controlled longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod. 2022;44(6):705–710.
34.
Davies TI, Rayner PHW. Functional Appliance Therapy in Conjunction with Growth Hormone Treatment. A Case Report. Br J Orthod. 1995;22(4):361–5.
35.
Carpenter TO. Primary disorders of phosphate metabolism. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000–. 2022 Jun 8.
36.
Yuen KCJ. Growth Hormone Stimulation Tests in Assessing Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency. 2023 Aug 8.
37.
Lyu L, Zhao Z, Tang Q, et al. Skeletal Class II malocclusion caused by mouth breathing in a pediatric patient undergoing treatment by interceptive guidance of occlusion. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(6):1–7.
38.
Brierley C, DiBiase A, Sandler P. Early Class II treatment. Aust Dent J. 2017;62(S1):4–10.
| eISSN: | 1898-2263 |
| ISSN: | 1232-1966 |
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No NrRCN/SP/0532/2021/1 by the Minister of Science and Higher
© 2006-2025 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
