RESEARCH PAPER
Oral hygiene in children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia living in rural and urban regions
 
More details
Hide details
1
Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
 
 
Corresponding author
Elżbieta Pels   

Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
 
 
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(3):529-533
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
During acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, oral mucositis is a hugely important dental problem. In order to lower the risk of such complications, patients should take special care of their oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to assess the oral hygiene status in children with ALL during anti-cancer treatment protocols.

Material and Methods:
78 children with ALL who were examined in 3 stages, and 78 generally healthy children, who constituted the control group, participated in the study. In the group of patients were 55 children from the rural environment and 23 children living in towns. Oral hygiene status was assessed with the use of the Oral Hygiene Simplified Index, Plaque Index, and Gingival Index.

Results:
The average value of OHI-S index in children with ALL before the chemotherapy was 0.64 ± 0.85, the value of the Pl.I index was 0.59 ± 0.74, GI index value was 0.08 ± 0.34. In the period from 0.5 – 1.5 years, the anti-cancer therapy value indicators of oral hygiene in children with ALL developed as follows: OHI-S – 0.49 ± 0.69, Pl.I – 0.49 ± 0.67, GI – 0.02 ± 0.13.

Conclusions:
Oral hygiene was significantly better in children with ALL than in children in the control group. The better condition of oral hygiene in children with ALL than children in the control group is the result of the oral hygiene regime that the children were following during cancer treatment protocols. Significantly higher GI in children with ALL, compared to children from the control group, was observed despite the better oral hygiene.

 
REFERENCES (39)
1.
Colby-Graham MF, Chordas C. The Childhood Leukemias. J Pediat Nursing 2003; 18(2): 87- 95.
 
2.
Dmoszyńska A, Robak T. Podstawy hematologii. Wyd Czelej, Lublin, 2003.
 
3.
McNally RJQ, Eden TOB. An infectious aetiology for childhood acute leukaemia: a review of the evidence. Br J Haematol. 2004; 127(3): 243-263.
 
4.
Gao F, Chia KS, Machin D. On the evidence for seasonal variation in the onset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Leuk Res. 2007; 31(10): 1327-1338.
 
5.
Hernik A, Goralczyk K, Strucinski P, Czaja K, Kucharska A, Korcz W, et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human milk as markers of environmental exposure to these compounds. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011; 18(1): 113-118.
 
6.
Nasterlack M. Pesticides and childhood cancer: An update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210(5): 645-657.
 
7.
Kowalczyk JR, Dudkiewicz E, Balwierz W, Bogusławska-Jaworska J, Rokicka-Milewska R. Incidence of chidhood cancers in Poland in 1995-1999. Med Sci Monitor 2002; 8(8): CR587-590.
 
8.
Balduzzi A, Conter V, Uderzo C, Valsecchi MG. Transplantation in Childhood Very High Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Complete Remission: Where Are We Now? J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(18): 2625-2626.
 
9.
Chiusolo P, Reddiconto G, Farina G, Mannocci A, Fiorini A, Palladino M, et al. MTHFR polymorphisms’ influence on outcome and toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Leuk Res. 2007; 31(12): 1669-1674.
 
10.
Benson RE, Rodd HD, North S, Loescher AR, Farthing PM, Payne M. Leukaemic infiltration of the mandible in a young girl. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 17(2): 145-150.
 
11.
Collard MM, Hunter ML. Oral and dental care in acute lymphoblastic Leukemia: a survey of United Kingdom children’s cancer study group centres. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001; 11(4): 347-351.
 
12.
Millns B, Martin MV, Williams MC. Raised salivary endotoxin concentration as a predictor of infection in pediatric leukemia patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999; 88(1): 50-55.
 
13.
Winkler O, Hadnagy W, Idel H:.Cytokines detectable in saliva of children as appropriate markers of local immunity of the oral cavity – an approach for the use in air pollution studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2001; 204(2-3): 181-184.
 
14.
Wogelius P, Rosthoj S, Dahllöf G, Poulsen S. Dental anxiety among survivors of childhood cancer: a cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009; 19(2): 121-126.
 
15.
Carl W: Oral complications of local and systemic cancer treatment. Curr Opin Oncol. 1995; 7(4): 320-324.
 
16.
Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Krawczyk D, Kuc D, Zawiślak M, Pels E. Hygienic habits and the dental condition in 12-year-old children. Adv Med Sci. 2006; 51(1): 142-144.
 
17.
Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Daszkiewicz M, Adamowicz-Klepalska B, Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Dembowska-Bagińska B, Perek D. Stan uzębienia i higiena jamy ustnej u dzieci po przebytej terapii przeciwnowotworowej. Ann Acad Med Gedan. 2004; 34: 237-255.
 
18.
Peterson DE. New Strategies for Oral Mucositis Management in Cancer Patients. J Support Oncol. 2006; 4 (Suppl 1): 9-13.
 
19.
Biwersi C, Hepping N, Bode U, Fleischhack G, von Renesse A, Exner M, et al. Bloodstream infections in a German paediatric oncology unit: Prolongation of inpatient treatment and additional costs. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212(5): 541-546.
 
20.
Samardakiewicz M, Kowalczyk JR: Psychosocial functioning of childhood cancer survivors living in rural areas. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2007; 14(2): 335-339.
 
21.
Pels E, Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Krawczyk D. State of oral health in children with lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann UMCS Sect D. 2006; 61(1): 254-258.
 
22.
Pels E, Mielnik-Błaszczak M. State of oral hygiene and levels of selected salivary parameters in children with acute lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pol J Environ Stud. 2007; 16(2C): 114-117.
 
23.
Kowalczyk JR: Ostra białaczka limfoblastyczna. http://www.onkologia.zalecenia...? id=3 (access: 2009).
 
24.
Konopka T, Mendrela E, Norowska M, Kozłowski Z, Chaber R, Toporski J. Zmiany w jamie ustnej w przebiegu białaczek u dzieci. Czas Stomatol. 2001; 54(4): 217-225.
 
25.
Dens F, Boute P, Otten J, Vinckier F, Declerck D. Dental caries, gingival health, and oral hygiene of long term survivors of paediatric malignant diseases. Arch Dis Child. 1995; 72(2): 129-132.
 
26.
Fleming P, Kinirons MJ. Study of the dental health of children in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Northern Ireland. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993; 21(5): 309-312.
 
27.
Kinirons MJ, Fleming P, Boyd D. Dental caries experience of children in remission from acute lymphoblastic Leukemia in relation to the duration of treatment and the period of time in remission. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1995; 5(3): 169-172.
 
28.
Sonis AL, Waber DP, Sallan S, Tarbell NJ. The oral health of long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic lekaemia: a comparison of three treatment modalites. Oral Oncol Eur J Cancer 1995; 31B(4): 250-252.
 
29.
Avşar A, Elli M, Darka O, Pinarli G. Long-term effects of chemotherapy on caries formation, dental development, and salivary factors in childhood cancer survivors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104(6): 781-789.
 
30.
Uderzo C, Fraschini D, Balduzzi A, Galimberti S, Arrigo C, Biagi E, et al. Long-term effects of bone marrow transplantation on dental status in children with Leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997; 20(10): 865-869.
 
31.
Costa EM, Fernandes MZ, Quinderé LB, De Souza LB, Pinto LP. Evaluation of an oral preventive protocol in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2003; 17(2): 147-150.
 
32.
Mielnik-Błaszczak M. Evaluation of dentition status and oral hygiene in Polish children and adolescents with congenital haemorrhagic diatheses. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1999; 9(2): 99-103.
 
33.
Laskus-Perendyk A, Grzegorczyk-Jaźwińska A, Borakowska M. Zmiany w jamie ustnej pacjentów hospitalizowanych z powodu chorób krwi i układu krwiotwórczego. Nowa Stomatol. 2000; 5(1/2): 39-42.
 
34.
Sobczyńska A, Wojnar J, Drugacz J, Hołowiecki J. Zmiany w obrębie jamy ustnej u chorych po allotransplantacji szpiku kostnego. Czas Stomatol 2003; 56(11): 754-759.
 
35.
Bonnaure-Mallet M, Bunetel L, Tricot-Doleux S, Gueârin J, Bergeron C, Legall E. Oral Complications during Treatment of Malignant Diseases in Childhood: Effects of Tooth Brushing. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34(10): 1588-1591.
 
36.
Karolewska E, Konopka T. Algorytm stomatologicznego postępowania profilaktyczno-leczniczego u dzieci z białaczkami. Czas Stomatol. 2006; 59(4): 245-252.
 
37.
Vaughan MD, Rowland CC, Tong X, Srivastava DK, Hale GA, Rochester R, et al. Dental abnormalities in children preparing for pediatric bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005; 36(10): 863-866.
 
38.
Vissink A, Burlage FR, Spijkervet FK, Jansma J, Coppes RP. Prevention and treatment of the consequences of head and neck radiotherapy. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003; 14(3): 213- 225.
 
39.
Waltimo T, Christen S, Meurman JH, Filippi A. Zahnärztliche Betreuung von Leukämiepatienten. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2005; 115 (4): 308-315.
 
eISSN:1898-2263
ISSN:1232-1966
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top