CASE REPORT
Nontuberculous mycobacterial skin disease in cat; diagnosis and treatment – Case report
1
National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
2
Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Staplake Mount, Starcross, UK
3
Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
4
Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Biala Podlaska, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2019;26(3):511-513
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Mycobacterial diseases of humans and animals can be caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The transmission of the infection primarily occurs via the respiratory or oral routes, but also via a damaged skin barrier. MOTT have high resistance to external factors; therefore, infected, undiagnosed animals can pose a risk for public health.
Case report:
The case study describes mycobacterial skin infection in a domestic cat. The correct diagnosis was reached four months after the appearance of the first clinical signs. Those were purulent, granulomatous lesions and fistulas, which could potentially act as a source of the infection for the owners and the veterinarian who cared for the animal.
Conclusion:
Despite using advanced diagnostic techniques, establishing the final cause of the cat’s illness was a lengthy process. The skin lesions could contribute to the transmission of the bacteria in the environment. Non-targeted treatments could also cause antimicrobial resistance.
Mycobacterial diseases of humans and animals can be caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The transmission of the infection primarily occurs via the respiratory or oral routes, but also via a damaged skin barrier. MOTT have high resistance to external factors; therefore, infected, undiagnosed animals can pose a risk for public health.
Case report:
The case study describes mycobacterial skin infection in a domestic cat. The correct diagnosis was reached four months after the appearance of the first clinical signs. Those were purulent, granulomatous lesions and fistulas, which could potentially act as a source of the infection for the owners and the veterinarian who cared for the animal.
Conclusion:
Despite using advanced diagnostic techniques, establishing the final cause of the cat’s illness was a lengthy process. The skin lesions could contribute to the transmission of the bacteria in the environment. Non-targeted treatments could also cause antimicrobial resistance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The study was funded by the National Research Centre
(KNOW) and the Scientific Consortium “Healthy Animal
– Safe Food”, by decision No. 05–1/KNOW2/2015 of the
Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Warsaw, Poland.
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Malik R. Mycobacterial diseases of cats and dogs. In: Eds A., Hiller A., Foster A., Kwocha K.: Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2005: 219 237.
2.
Rowińska-Zakrzewska E. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Rare entity or emerging epidemiological problem? Pneumol Alergol Pol. 2014; 82: 486–488.
3.
Falkinham JO III. Ecology of nontuberculous mycobacteria – where do human infections come from? Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 34: 95–102.
4.
Runyon EH. Typical mycobacteria. Their classification. Am J Respir Dis. 1965; 91: 288–294.
5.
Spierzyński R, Jagielski D. Mycobacterioses in dogs and cats. Życie Wet. 2012; 87(8): 663–668.
6.
Szmygin-Milanowska K, Grzywa-Celińska A, Zwolska Z, Krawczyk P, Guz L, Milanowski J. ‘TB or not TB?’ Problems of differential diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacteriosis and tuberculosis – A Case Study and interdisciplinary discussion. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2016; 23(1): 97–102.
7.
Kendall BA, Winthrop KL. Update on the epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 34(1): 87–94.
8.
Andrejak C, Thomsen VO, Johansen IS, et al. Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis in Denmark. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 181: 514–521.
9.
Safinowska A, Walkiewicz R, Nejman-Gryz P, Chazan R, Grubek-Jaworska H. The comparison between two methods for typing of nontuberculous mycobacteria: high pressure liquid chromatography and molecular assay GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS. Pneumol Alergol Pol. 2010; 78: 363–368.
10.
Jang SS, Hirsh DC. Rapidly growing members of the genus Mycobacterium affecting dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2002; 38(3): 217–220.
11.
Beccati M, Peano A, Gallo MG. Pyogranulomatous panniculitis caused by Mycobacterium alvei in a cat (letter). J Small Anim Pract. 2007; 48: 664.
12.
Antychowicz J, Lipiec M, Pękala A. Fish and human mycobacterioses caused by Mycobacterium marinum and other nontuberculous mycobacteri. Życie Wet. 2016; 91(7): 486–491.
13.
Lee SH, Go DM, Woo SH, Park HT, Kim E, Yoo HS, Kim DY. Systemic Mycobacterium kansasii Infection in a Domestic Shorthair Cat. J Comp Pathol. 2017; 157(2–3): 215–219.
14.
Pekkarinen H, Airas N, Savolainen LE, Rantala M, Kilpinen S, Miuku O, Speeti M, Karkamo V, Malkamäki S, Vaara M, Sukura A, Syrjä P. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria can Cause Disseminated Mycobacteriosis in Cats. J Comp Pathol. 2018; 160: 1–9.
15.
Barandiaran S, Martínez Vivot M, Falzoni E, Marfil MJ, Pérez Tort G, Rovatti P, Fernández M, Iachini R, Satek F, Duchene A, Zumárraga MJ. Mycobacterioses in dogs and cats from Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017; 29(5): 729–732.
16.
Madarame H, Saito M, Ogihara K, Ochiai H, Oba M, Omatsu T, Tsuyuki Y, Mizutani T. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis menigoencephalitis in a cat. Vet Microbiol. 2017; 204: 43–45.
17.
Bonamonte D, De Vito D, Vestita M, Delvecchio S, Ranieri LD, Santantonio M, Angelini G. Aquarium-borne Mycobacterium marinum skin infection. Report of 15 cases and review of the literature. Eur J Dermatol. 2013; 23(4): 510–516.
18.
Johnson MG, Stout JE. Twenty-eight cases of Mycobacterium marinum infection: retrospective case series and literature review. Infection. 2015; 43(6): 655–662.
19.
Slany M, Jezek P, Bodnarova M. Fish tank granuloma caused by Mycobacterium marinum in two aquarists: two case reports. Biomed Res Int. 2013; doi: 10.1155/2013/161329.
20.
Guz L, Grądzki Z, Krajewska M, Lipiec M, Zabost A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Zwolska Z, Szulowski K. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycobacterium peregrinum in ornamental fish. Bul Vet Inst Pulawy 2013; 57(4): 489–492.
21.
Soler D, Brieva C, Ribón W. Mycobacteriosis in wild birds: the potential risk of disseminating a little-known infectious disease. Rev. Salud. Publica(Bogota) 2009; 11: 134–144.
22.
Wyrostkiewicz D, Skorupa W, Jakubowska L, Zabost A, Kuś J. Mycobacterial lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis – report of three cases. Pneumol Alergol Pol. 2014; 82: 561–567.
23.
Nalepa P, Strach M, Rybak-Bąk M, Siedlar M. Two sibilings with an IL-12 and IFN-γ production disorder diagnosed with pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by m. kansasii. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. An overview of literature. Pneumol Alergol Pol. 2011; 79(6): 428–436.
24.
Wilińska E, Szturmowicz M. Lung mycobacteriosis – clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment. Pneumol Alergol Pol. 2010; 78(2): 138–147.
25.
Govendir M, Hansen T, Kimble B, Norris JM, Baral RM, Wigney DI, Gottlieb S, Malik R. Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated from cats and dogs, to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Vet Microbiol. 2011; 147(1–2): 113–118.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1898-2263 |
| ISSN: | 1232-1966 |
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
© 2006-2024 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
