RESEARCH PAPER
Effect of povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate and toyocamycin on amphizoic amoebic strains, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis – a growing threat to human health worldwide
1
Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
3
One Health Center, Berry College, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Mount Berry, Georgia, USA
4
Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
Corresponding author
Marcin Padzik
Department of Medical Biology Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warszawa, Poland
Department of Medical Biology Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warszawa, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018;25(4):725-731
KEYWORDS
in vitroAcanthamoeba keratitisA. polyphagaT4 genotypeA. castellanii Neffpovidone iodinechlorhexidine digluconatetoyocamycin effects
TOPICS
Biological agents posing occupational risk in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry and diseases caused by these agents (zoonoses, allergic and immunotoxic diseases)Health effects of chemical pollutants in agricultural areas , including occupational and non-occupational effects of agricultural chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers) and effects of industrial disposal (heavy metals, sulphur, etc.) contaminating the atmosphere, soil and waterPrevention of occupational diseases in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industryWork-related accidents and injuries in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry: incidence, causes, social aspects and preventionState of the health of rural communities depending on various factors: social factors, accessibility of medical care, etc.
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Free-living amoebae, ubiquitous in outer environments, in predisposing circumstances may exist as parasites, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis. In recent decades, the vision-threatening corneal infection is a growing human health threat worldwide, including Poland. The applied therapy is often ineffective due to diagnostic mistakes, various pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba strains and high resistance of cysts to drugs; many agents with possible anti-amoebic activity are still being tested. In the presented study, selected chemicals are investigated in terms of their in vitro effect on corneal and environmental Acanthamoeba strains.
Material and methods:
Samples of a corneal isolate from a patient with severe Acanthamoeba keratitis,of assessed on the basis of genotype associations of 18S rRNA and the type strain, Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff cultivated in bacteria-free condition, were exposed to povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate or toyocamycin. In vitro population dynamics of the strains were monitored and compared to those of control cultures.
Results:
All chemicals showed anti-amoebic effects with different degrees of effectiveness. Significant differences were observed in the in vitro population dynamics, and the morpho-physiological status of A. castellanii Neff T4 and corneal strains determined as A. polyphaga T4 genotype, exposed to povidone iodine or toyocamycin, in comparison with chlorhexidine taken as reference.
Conclusions:
Time-dependent amoebstatic in vitro effects were demonstrated for all agents, in particular, the results of assays with povidone iodine are promising. No significant stimulation of encystation appeared; however, as cysticidal efficacy of chemicals is expected, complementary research is needed on different Acanthamoeba strains with modified agent concentrations and method application.
Free-living amoebae, ubiquitous in outer environments, in predisposing circumstances may exist as parasites, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis. In recent decades, the vision-threatening corneal infection is a growing human health threat worldwide, including Poland. The applied therapy is often ineffective due to diagnostic mistakes, various pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba strains and high resistance of cysts to drugs; many agents with possible anti-amoebic activity are still being tested. In the presented study, selected chemicals are investigated in terms of their in vitro effect on corneal and environmental Acanthamoeba strains.
Material and methods:
Samples of a corneal isolate from a patient with severe Acanthamoeba keratitis,of assessed on the basis of genotype associations of 18S rRNA and the type strain, Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff cultivated in bacteria-free condition, were exposed to povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate or toyocamycin. In vitro population dynamics of the strains were monitored and compared to those of control cultures.
Results:
All chemicals showed anti-amoebic effects with different degrees of effectiveness. Significant differences were observed in the in vitro population dynamics, and the morpho-physiological status of A. castellanii Neff T4 and corneal strains determined as A. polyphaga T4 genotype, exposed to povidone iodine or toyocamycin, in comparison with chlorhexidine taken as reference.
Conclusions:
Time-dependent amoebstatic in vitro effects were demonstrated for all agents, in particular, the results of assays with povidone iodine are promising. No significant stimulation of encystation appeared; however, as cysticidal efficacy of chemicals is expected, complementary research is needed on different Acanthamoeba strains with modified agent concentrations and method application.
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