Introduction and objective:
The study examines the vaccination status and attitudes of Ukrainian refugees in Poland, focusing on factors influencing decisions regarding mandatory vaccinations. Given the ongoing migration and geopolitical instability, understanding these determinants is crucial for improving immunization coverage and mitigating public health risks.

Material and methods:
Data were collected from 102 Ukrainian refugee participants in the Rzeszów area using a structured survey. The questionnaire included demographic questions and inquiries about vaccination practices, reasons for incomplete immunization, and attitudes toward vaccination. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant correlations.

Results:
The study found that 55.88% of participants reported full vaccination of their children, while 42.16% had partial vaccination, and less than 2% were unvaccinated. The most common barriers to vaccination were limited access to vaccines (40%) and mistrust in vaccine formulations (37.78%). Additionally, statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination uptake (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and logistical challenges among Ukrainian refugees. Strengthening cooperation between Ukraine and Poland is crucial for enhancing immunization coverage. Despite broader vaccine availability in Poland, hesitancy remains an issue, necessitating educational initiatives and policy adjustments.