RESEARCH PAPER
Place of residence and age as variables differentiating health behaviours and perception of health by women past menopause
| 1 | Chair and Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland |
| 2 | Department of Development in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland |
| 3 | Department of the Basics of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland |
| 4 | Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Anna B. Pilewska-Kozak
Chair and Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Chair and Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2019;26(1):165–173
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Research on the meaning of health and health behaviors is important for the development of health education programmes which should be tailored to the needs of patients.
Objective:
The aim of the study is to determine whether the place of residence and age have an impact on health behaviours and the perception of health by women past menopause.
Material and methods:
A survey method and three research instruments were employed: authors’ questionnaire, the Health Behaviour Inventory and the Health Criteria List by Juczyński, and the Kupperman Index. The study was carried out among a sample of 102 women after menopause hospitalised in a hospital in eastern Poland.
Results:
The overall health behaviour indicator (HBI) in the study group was found to reach an average value of 80.1±12.7points. A higher HBI indicator was found to be characteristic of urban rather than rural residents; however, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The age of respondents did not differentiate statistically their health behaviours (p>0.05). Women who reported their last menstruation before the age of 50 obtained higher results in the dimension of health practices (HPs) than those whose last menstruation ceased after the age of 50 (p<0.05). The respondents attributed the highest importance to health, understood as a property, a state and a goal. Statistically significant differences were observed in the importance of the statement according to which health is a process of “being able to work without tension and stress”, as the respondents from urban areas assigned to it a higher average weight than those from rural areas (p< 0.05).
Conclusions:
A higher overall HBI, as well as indicators for particular categories, were characteristic of women from urban areas. Age did not significantly differentiate the women’s health behaviours. Rural residents were dominant in the group of women who rated their health to be very good or good. The respondents attributed the highest importance to health understood as a property, state and goal.
Research on the meaning of health and health behaviors is important for the development of health education programmes which should be tailored to the needs of patients.
Objective:
The aim of the study is to determine whether the place of residence and age have an impact on health behaviours and the perception of health by women past menopause.
Material and methods:
A survey method and three research instruments were employed: authors’ questionnaire, the Health Behaviour Inventory and the Health Criteria List by Juczyński, and the Kupperman Index. The study was carried out among a sample of 102 women after menopause hospitalised in a hospital in eastern Poland.
Results:
The overall health behaviour indicator (HBI) in the study group was found to reach an average value of 80.1±12.7points. A higher HBI indicator was found to be characteristic of urban rather than rural residents; however, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The age of respondents did not differentiate statistically their health behaviours (p>0.05). Women who reported their last menstruation before the age of 50 obtained higher results in the dimension of health practices (HPs) than those whose last menstruation ceased after the age of 50 (p<0.05). The respondents attributed the highest importance to health, understood as a property, a state and a goal. Statistically significant differences were observed in the importance of the statement according to which health is a process of “being able to work without tension and stress”, as the respondents from urban areas assigned to it a higher average weight than those from rural areas (p< 0.05).
Conclusions:
A higher overall HBI, as well as indicators for particular categories, were characteristic of women from urban areas. Age did not significantly differentiate the women’s health behaviours. Rural residents were dominant in the group of women who rated their health to be very good or good. The respondents attributed the highest importance to health understood as a property, state and goal.
REFERENCES (47)
1.
Yazdkhasti M, Simbar M, Abdi F. Empowerment and coping strategies in menopause women: a review. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015; 17(3): e18944. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.18944.
2.
Yanikkerem E, Göker A, Çakır Ö, Esmeray N. Effects of physical and depressive symptoms on the sexual life of Turkish women in the climacteric period. Climacteric. 2018; 21(2): 160–166.
3.
Gruszczyńska M, Bąk-Sosnowska M, Plinta R. Zachowania zdrowotne jako istotny element aktywności życiowej człowieka. Stosunek Polaków do własnego zdrowia [Health-related behaviors as an essential part of human life activities. Attitude of Poles towards their own health]. Hyg Pub Health. 2015; 50(4): 558–565. [in Polish].
4.
Jaspers L, Daan NM, Van Dijk GM, Gazibara T, Muka T, Wen KX, Meun C, Zillikens C, Roeters van Lennep JE, Roos-Hesselink JW, Laan E, Rees M, Laven JSE, Franco OH, Kavousi M. Health in middle-aged and elderly women: a conceptual framework for healthy menopause. Maturitas. 2015; 81(1): 93–98.
5.
Sehhatie F, MojganM, Kafiyeh M. Health promoting behaviors among postmenopausal women in Langroud city, Iran. IJWHR. 2015; 3(3): 158–162.
6.
Weber-Rajek M, Lubomska M, Radzimińska A, Lulińska–Kuklik E, GochA, Zukow W. Zachowaniazdrowotnekobiet w okresiemenopauzalnym [The health behavior of women during menopausal period]. J Educ Health Sport. 2016; 6(2): 151–162. [in Polish].
7.
Ferrer RA, Klein WMP. Risk perceptions and health behavior. Curr Opin Psychol. 2015; 5: 85–89.
8.
Ogińska-Bulik N, Zadworna-Cieślak M, Rogala E. Rola zasobów osobistych w podejmowaniu zachowań zdrowotnych przez osoby w wieku senioralnym [Role of personal resources in prediction of health behaviors in seniors]. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2015; 96(3): 570–577. [in Polish].
9.
Jopkiewicz A. Samoocena zdrowia, jakości życia i zaradności życiowej osób starszych [Self-evaluation of health, quality of life and resourcefulness of life in elderly people]. Rocznik Lubuski. 2014; 4(2): 261–273. [in Polish].
10.
Nowicki G, Młynarska M, Ślusarska B, Rudnicka-Drożdżak E, SzczekalaK, Bartoszek A. The relationship between the value of health and health behaviors in individuals over 65 years of age. Fam Med Primary Care Rev. 2017; 1: 49–53.
11.
Piasecka H, ŚlusarskaB, Nowicki G. Zdrowie jako wartość wśród młodzieży studenckiej w uwarunkowaniach społeczno-demograficznych i ocena żywienia badanej grupy [The value of health in the perception of students in terms of socio-demographic determinants and the evaluation of eating habits of the surveyed]. Pielęg Pol. 2015; 56 (2): 127–134. [in Polish].
12.
Ślusarska B, Dobrowolska B, Zarzycka D. Metateoretyczny kontekst zachowań zdrowotnych w paradygmatach zdrowia [Metatheoretical context of health behavior in health paradigms]. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2013; 94(4): 667–674. [in Polish].
13.
Horbowska J. Wartość „zdrowie” i jej miejsce w hierarchii wartości młodzieży i osób dorosłych [The value „health” and it’s place in the hierarchy of values among youths and adults]. Rocz Pedag. 2017; 9 (45): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpe.... [in Polish].
14.
Borowiec A, Lignowska I. Czy ideologia healthismu jest cechą dystynktywną klasy średniej w Polsce? [Is the ideology of healthism a distinctive feature of the middle class in Poland?]. KultiSpoł. 2012; 56(3): 95–111. [in Polish].
15.
Korwin-Szymanowska A. Kiedy otoczenie ma znaczenie: świadomość zdrowotna i wzorce w otoczeniu społecznym jako determinant poziomu aktywności fizycznej studentów [When people around you matter: health awareness and social patterns as determinants of the level of physical activity of students]. Forum Pedag. 2017; 2: 33–47. [in Polish].
16.
Lizak D, Seń M, Kochman M. Healthism – afirmacja promocji zdrowia czy współczesne zagrożenie behawioralne? [Healthism – an affirmation of health promotion whether contemporary behavioral threat? In: Żarów R, editor. A man in health and illness. Health promotion. Treatment and rehabilitation. Publisher of the Institute of Health Care, Tarnów2014, p. 148–157. [in Polish].
17.
Słopiecka A, Cieślik A. Zachowania zdrowotne – wybrane definicje [Health behavior-selected definitions]. Stud Med. 2011; 24 (4): 77–81. [in Polish].
18.
Juczyński Z. Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia [Tools for health promotion and psychology of health]. 2 nd edition. Laboratory of Psychological Tests, Warsaw 2009, p. 106–133.
19.
Kupperman HS, Wetchler BB, Blatt MMG. Contemporary therapy of the menopausal syndrome. JAMA 1959; (171): 1627–1637.
20.
Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Ciabiada B, Maniecka-Bryła I. Samoocena stanu zdrowia jako predyktor umieralności przedwczesnej [Self-rated health as a premature mortality predictor]. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2014; 95(4): 866–870. [in Polish].
21.
Chan CWH, Chow Choi K, Wong RS, Ming Chow K, So WKW, Leung DYP, Lam WWT, Goggins W. Examining the cervical screening behaviour of women aged 50 or above and its predicting factors: a population-based survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 13: 1195; doi:10.3390/ijerph13121195.
22.
Słopiecka A. Analiza wiedzy i zachowań zdrowotnych hospitalizowanych z powodu chorób ginekologicznych oraz kierunki profilaktyki i promocji zdrowia [Analysis of health-related knowledge and behaviours of women hospitalised for gynaecological diseases and future directions of prophylaxis and health promotion]. Stud Med. 2009; (13): 27–35. [in Polish].
23.
Woźniak I. Wiedza o schorzeniach nowotworowych narządów kobiecych i postawy kobiet wobec badań profilaktycznych [Knowledge about female genital organs and breast neoplasm and their attitude toward prophylactic tests]. Probl Pielęg. 2008; 16(1,2): 136–143. [in Polish].
24.
Skórzyńska H, Krawczyk-Suszek M, Kulik TB, Pacian A, Stefanowicz A, Skowronek A. Attitudes of women after the age of 50 towards preventive screening. Ann Agr Env Med. 2017; 24(4): 624–627.
25.
Zadworna-Cieślak M, Ogińska-Bulik N. Zachowania zdrowotne osób w wieku senioralnym – rola optymizmu [Health behaviors in the group of people in late adulthood period-the role of optimism]. Psychogeriatr Pol. 2013; 10(4): 145–156. [in Polish].
26.
Kurowska K, Kierzenkowska E. Poczucie koherencji a zachowania zdrowotne wśród kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym [Sense of coherence in relation to health behaviors among women in menopausal period]. Curr Gynecol Oncol. 2014; 12(3): 206–215. [in Polish].
27.
Alkhatib A, Klonizakis M. Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2014; 57(1): 33–47.
28.
Hernández-Angeles C, Castelo-Branco C. Cardiovascular risk in climacteric women: focus on diet. Climacteric. 2016; 19(3): 215–221.
29.
Kucharska E. Poprawa zdrowia poprzez prawidłowe żywienie i aktywność fizyczną [Improving health through proper nutrition and physical activity]. In: Podgórska M, editor. Diseases of the 21st century – challenges in the work of a physiotherapist. Publisher of the High School of Management, Gdańsk 2017, p. 258–272. [in Polish].
30.
Bojar I, Wierzbińska-Stępniak A, Witczak M, Raczkiewicz D, Owoc A. Are cognitive functions in post-menopausal women related with the contents of macro- and micro-components in the diet? Ann Agric Environ Med. 2015; 22(1): 178–184.
31.
Anniverno R, Gadler E, Poli R, Bellomo A, Ventriglio A, Pacilli A M, Barbieri S, Salemi O, Bondi E, Farina A, Mencacci C. Depressive syndrome in perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients. An Italian multicentre observational study. J Psychopathol. 2017; 23: 19–25.
32.
Bernard P, Ninot G, Bernard PL, Picot MC, Jaussent A, TallonG, Blain H. Effects of a six-month walking intervention on depression in inactive post-menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Ment Health. 2015; 19(6): 485–492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360....
33.
Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H, Bromberger JT, Freeman EW, Athappilly G, Bobo WV, Rubin LH, Koleva HK, Cohen LS, Soares CN. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. J Womens Health. 2018; Online Ahead of Print: DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.27099.
34.
Ostrowska A. Kobiety 50+ w Polsce. Między wyzwaniami społecznymi a możliwościami zdrowotnymi [Women 50 plus in Poland. Between social challenges and health options]. Ann Univ Paedagog Crac. Stud Sociol. 2015; 7(1): 97–114. [in Polish].
35.
Tereszko A, Dudek D. Różnice międzypłciowe w zaburzeniach psychicznych [Gender differences in mental disorders]. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol. 2017; 13(4): 162–169. [in Polish].
36.
Bień A, Rzońca E, Pańczyk-Szeptuch M. Życie i funkcjonowanie kobiet w okresie przekwitania [Women’s lives and activities during the climacteric period]. Gerontol Pol. 2017; 25(1): 12–19. [in Polish].
37.
Wieder-Huszla S, Szkup M, Jurczak A, Samochowiec A, Samochowiec J, Stanisławska M, Rotter I, Karakiewicz B, Grochans E. Effects of socio-demographic, personality and medical factors on quality of life of postmenopausal women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11(7): 6692–6708.
38.
Wieder-Huszla S, Grześkowiak H, Jurczak A, Pilch D, Stanisławska M, Szkup-Jabłońska M, AugustyniukK, Grochans E. Style radzenia sobie ze stresem kobiet w okresie okołomenopauzalnym z uwzględnieniem intensywności objawów wypadowych [Coping with stress of perimenopausal women in relation to the intensity of climacteric symptoms]. Probl Pielęg. 2014; 22(1): 82–90. [in Polish].
39.
Piskorz A, Brzostek T, Piórecka B. Występowanie wybranych czynników ryzyka chorób układu krążenia w grupie kobiet w okresie przed- i pomenopauzalnym – analiza porównawcza [Occurrence of selected cardiovascular risk factors among pre- and postmenopausal women – a comparative study]. Hyg Pub Health. 2015; 50 (1): 127–135. [in Polish].
40.
Marlatt KL, Beyl RA, Redman LM. A qualitative assessment of health behaviours and experiences during menopause: a cross-sectional, observational study. Maturitas 2018; 116: 36–42.
41.
Ćwirlej-Sozańska A. Ocena wpływu systematycznej aktywności fizycznej na sprawność fizyczną oraz gęstość kości u kobiet w wieku 50–60 lat [Assessment of influence of a regular physical activity on physical condition and bone density in women aged 50–60]. Prz Med Uniw Rzesz Inst Leków. 2015; 2: 116–127. [in Polish].
42.
Mandal E, Sitko-Dominik M. Płeć psychologiczna, sprawczość i wspólnotowość, aktywność sportowa oraz taktyki wywierania wpływu w bliskich związkach kobiet w środkowym okresie dorosłości [Gender, agency and communion, physical activity and tactics of influence in close relationships among middle-aged women]. Pol Forum Psycholog. 2017; 22(2): 258–274. [in Polish].
43.
Goyal A, Mishra N, Dwivedi S. Nutritional status and health seeking behaviour of postmenopausal women: a cross sectional study in North India. Int J Community Med Pub Health. 2017; 4(12): 4644–4649.
44.
Ensan A, Babazadeh R, Aghamohammadian H, Afzal Aghaei M. Effect of training based on choice theory onhealth-promoting lifestyle behaviors among menopausal women. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2018; 6(2): 1253–1263. DOI: 10.22038/jmrh.2018.10469.
45.
Janiszewska M, Kulik TB, Żołnierczuk-Kieliszek D, Pawlikowska-Łagód K, Kryk A. Wartościowanie zdrowia wśród osób starszych na przykładzie studentów Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku [Valuing health among the elderly on the example of students at the university of the third age]. Pielęg Pol. 2016; 1(59): 49–55. [in Polish].
46.
Młynarska M, Rudnicka-Drożak E, Nowicki G, Misztal-Okońska P, DyndurJ, Majcher P. Pojęcie zdrowia w opinii osób powyżej 65 roku życia [The concept of health in the opinion of people over 65 years of age]. Gerontol Pol. 2015; 1: 11–18. [in Polish].
47.
Deluga A, Dobrowolska B, Kosicka B, Brzozowska A. Wartościowanie zdrowia w opinii pielęgniarek w odniesieniu do zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych [Health evaluation with relation to socio-demographic variables – nurses’ opinions]. J Educ Health Sport. 2016; 6(4): 167–180. [in Polish].
RELATED ARTICLE
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.