RESEARCH PAPER
Frequency of hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus in water sample collected from Faisalabad, Pakistan
1
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology (UMT) Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2015;22(4):661–664
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus both are highly prevalent in Pakistan mainly present as a sporadic disease. The aim of the current study is to isolate and characterized the specific genotype of Hepatitis E virus from water bodies of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Drinking and sewage samples were qualitatively analyzed by using RT-PCR. HEV Genotype 1 strain was recovered from sewage water of Faisalabad. Prevalence of HEV and HAV in sewage water propose the possibility of gradual decline in the protection level of the circulated vaccine in the Pakistani population.
REFERENCES (23)
1.
Purcell RH ESPITH, Lemon S, Zuckerman AJ,. Viral hepatitis. 3rd edn ed: Blackwell Publishing; 2005. p.635–45.
2.
Chandra V, Taneja S, Kalia M, Jameel S. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus. J Biosci. 2008; 33(4): 451–64.
3.
Das K, Agarwal A, Andrew R, Frösner G, Kar P. Role of hepatitis E and other hepatotropic virus in aetiology of sporadic acute viral hepatitis: a hospital based study from urban Delhi. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000; 16(10): 937–40.
4.
Atkinson W, Wolfe S, Hamborsky J. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-preventable Diseases,“Pink Book,”. Washington, DC: Public Health Foundation; 2011.
5.
Bihl F, Negro F. Hepatitis E virus: a zoonosis adapting to humans. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65(5): 817–21.
6.
Traoré KA, Rouamba H, Nébié Y, Sanou M, Traoré AS, Barro N, et al. Seroprevalence of fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis A and E virus antibodies in Burkina Faso. PloS one. 2012; 7(10): e48125.
7.
Purcell R, Emerson S. Hepatitis E: an emerging awareness of an old disease. J Hepatol. 2008; 48(3): 494–503.
8.
Navaneethan U, Al Mohajer M, Shata MT. Hepatitis E and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis. Liver International. 2008; 28(9): 1190–9.
9.
Bose PD, Das BC, Kumar A, Gondal R, Kumar D, Kar P. High viral load and deregulation of the progesterone receptor signaling pathway: association with hepatitis E-related poor pregnancy outcome. J Hepatol. 2011; 54(6): 1107–13.
10.
Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS. Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2004; 132(06): 1005–22.
11.
Elinav E, Ben–Dov IZ, Shapira Y, Daudi N, Adler R, Shouval D, et al. Acute hepatitis A infection in pregnancy is associated with high rates of gestational complications and preterm labor. Gastroenterol. 2006; 130(4): 1129–34.
12.
Lu L, Li C, Hagedorn CH. Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Rev Med Virol. 2006; 16(1): 5–36.
13.
Hussain Z, Das BC, Husain SA, Asim M, Chattopadhyay S, Malik A, et al. Hepatitis A viral genotypes and clinical relevance: Clinical and molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus isolates from northern India. Hepatol Res. 2005; 32(1): 16–24.
14.
Ahmad T, Waheed Y, Tahir S, Safi SZ, Fatima K, Afzal MS, et al. Frequency of HEV contamination in sewerage waters in Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010; 4(12): 842–5.
15.
Bosan A, Qureshi H, Bile KM, Ahmad I, Hafiz R. A review of hepatitis viral infections in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010; 60(12): 1045–58.
16.
Panda SK, Thakral D, Rehman S. Hepatitis E virus. Rev Med Virol. 2007; 17(3): 151–80.
17.
Waheed Y, Tahir S, Ahmad T, Qadri I. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of core gene of hepatitis C virus from Pakistani population. Afr J Biotechnol. 2010; 9(29): 4561–7.
18.
Butt FA, Amin I, Idrees M, Iqbal M. Hepatitis delta virus genotype-1 alone cocirculates with hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D in Pakistan. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 26(3): 319–24. Epub 2013/10/17. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000007. PubMed PMID: 24129252.
19.
Oncu S, Okyay P, Ertug S, Sakarya S. Prevalence and risk factors for HEV infection in pregnant women. Med Sci Monit. 2006; 12(1): CR36–9. Epub 2005/12/22. PubMed PMID: 16369469.
20.
Kittigul L, Ekchaloemkiet S, Utrarachkij F, Siripanichgon K, Sujirarat D, Pungchitton S, et al. An efficient virus concentration method and RT-nested PCR for detection of rotaviruses in environmental water samples. J Virol Methods. 2005; 124(1–2): 117–22. Epub 2005/01/25. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.013. PubMed PMID: 15664059.
21.
Iqbal T, Idrees M, Ali L, Hussain A, Ali M, Butt S, et al. Isolation and characterization of two new hepatitis E virus genotype 1 strains from two mini-outbreaks in Lahore, Pakistan. Virol J. 2011; 8(1): 94.
22.
Khan A, Tanaka Y, Kurbanov F, Elkady A, Abbas Z, Azam Z, et al. Investigating an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus variants in Karachi, South Pakistan. Journal of medical virology. 2011;83(4):622–9.
23.
Malik MA, Azam EM, Saboor A. Water Quality Status of Upper KPK and Northern Areas of Pakistan. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Water Resources Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan; 2010.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.