REVIEW PAPER
Environmental risk factors for cancer – review paper
1
Institute of Healthcare, State School of Technology and Economics, Jaroslaw, Poland
2
Chair and Department of Jaw Orthopaedics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
3
I Chair and Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Medical University, Lublin, Poland
4
Institute of Technical Engineering State School of Technology and Economics, Jaroslaw, Poland
Corresponding author
Anna Maria Lewandowska
Institute of Healthcare, State School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, Poland, ul. Pasieka 21F, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland
Institute of Healthcare, State School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, Poland, ul. Pasieka 21F, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2019;26(1):1-7
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Biological agents posing occupational risk in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry and diseases caused by these agents (zoonoses, allergic and immunotoxic diseases)Health effects of chemical pollutants in agricultural areas , including occupational and non-occupational effects of agricultural chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers) and effects of industrial disposal (heavy metals, sulphur, etc.) contaminating the atmosphere, soil and water
ABSTRACT
The cancerous process is result of disturbed cell function. This is due to the accumulation of many genetic and epigenetic changes within the cell, expressed in the accumulation of chromosomal or molecular aberrations, which leads to genetic instability. It is difficult to assess the validity of individual aetiological factors, but it can be concluded that interaction of various risk factors has the largest contribution to the cancer development. Environmental, exogenous and endogenous factors as well as individual factors, including genetic predisposition contribute to the development of cancer. Epidemiological research on the development of malignant tumors has focused over the years on the determinants of environmental and genetic factors of cancer incidence and mortality rate. According to current state of knowledge, 80–90% of malignant tumors are caused by external environmental factors (carcinogens). Epidemiological studies have proved that the main factors responsible for the development of malignant neoplasia among humans are environmental factors arising from human behaviour. It has been confirmed that smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diet, and reproductive behaviour are important for the development of malignant neoplasia in the human population. According to the World Health Organization, in 2020 we may expect about 10 million deaths, including 7–8 million in the developing countries, while this number in the developed countries will not change and will be 2–3 million. The aim this study was systematization of knowledge concerning the risk factors of malignant tumours and supplementing them with the latest research results.
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