RESEARCH PAPER
Content of transfluthrin in indoor air during the use of electro-vaporizers.
1
Department of Toxicology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011;18(1):85-88
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The quality of indoor air evokes increasing interest; however, no standards have been developed which determine the content of pesticides in the air of living space. At present, insecticides are increasingly more frequently applied to control household pests, flies, mosquitoes, termites and other harmful insects. In this study, the content of transfluthrin was measured indoors after the application of two consumer products containing this active substance, using commercially available electro-vaporizers. It was found that during the application of insecticides in the form of gel and liquid the mean concentration of transfluthrin in the air was 1.295-2.422 ug/m3 and 3.817-5.227 ug/m3, respectively. The concentration of an active agent in the air did not depend on the day of application. The concentration of transfluthrin was higher when used in the form of a liquid than a gel preparation. 18-24 hours after the discontinuation of the use of the preparation no active agent was found in the air. As long as the standards are developed regulating the content of insecticides in the air of living spaces and utility rooms, the most important method of preventing their potential hazardous effect is informing the users of these preparations about the occurrence of active substances in indoor air, and eventual risk of exposure to the effect of pesticides during their application at home.
REFERENCES (16)
1.
Abou-Donia MB, Dechkovskaia AM, Goldstein LB, Abdel-Rahman A, Bullman SL, Khan WA: Co-exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and/or permethrin causes sensorimotor defi cit and alterations in brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004, 77, 253–262.
2.
Abou-Donia MB, Wilmarth KR, Abdel-Rahman AA, Jensen KF, Oehme FW, Kurt TL: Increased neurotoxicity following concurrent exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and chlorpyrifos. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1996, 34, 201–222.
3.
Abou-Donia MB, Wilmarth KR, Jensen KF, Oehme FW, Kurt TL: Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostigmine bromide, deet, and permethrin: implications of Gulf War chemical exposures. J Toxicol Environ Health 1996, 48, 35–56.
4.
Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB: Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin: pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2003, 6, 41–53.
5.
Berger-Preiss E, Koch W, Gerling S, Kock H, Appel KE: Use of biocidal products (insect sprays and electro-vaporizer) in indoor areas- -exposure scenarios and exposure modeling. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009, 212, 505–518.
6.
Class TJ: Determination of pyrethroids and their degradation products in indoor air and on surfaces by HRGC-ECD and HRGC-MS(NCI). J High Resol Chromatogr 1991, 14, 446–450.
7.
Curwin BD, Hein MJ, Sanderson WT, Nishioka MG, Reynolds SJ, Ward EM, Alavanja MC: Pesticide contamination inside farm and nonfarm homes. J Occup Environ Hyg 2005, 2, 357–367.
8.
Davis DL, Ahmed AK: Exposures from indoor spraying of chlorpyrifos pose greater health risks to children than currently estimated. Environ Health Perspect 1998, 106, 299–301.
9.
Gurunathan S, Robson M, Freeman N, Buckley B, Roy A, Meyer R, Bukowski J, Lioy PJ: Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to children. Environ Health Perspect 1998, 106, 9–16.
10.
Julien R, Adamkiewicz G, Levy JI, Bennett D, Nishioka M, Spengler JD: Pesticide loadings of select organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in urban public housing. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2008, 18, 167–174.
11.
Obendorf SK, Lemley AT, Hedge A, Kline AA, Tan K, Dokuchayeva T: Distribution of pesticide residues within homes in central New York State. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2006, 50, 31–44.
12.
Ramesh A, Vijayalakshmi A: Monitoring of allethrin, deltamethrin, esbiothrin, prallethrin and transfl uthrin in air during the use of household mosquito repellents. J Environ Monit 2001, 3, 191–193.
13.
Scientifi c Committee on Health and Environmental Risks [Internet]: Opinion on risk assessment on indoor air quality; 2007. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_... scher_o_055.pdf.
14.
Tisch M, Faulde MK, Maier H: Genotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol, lindane, transfl uthrin, cyfl uthrin, and natural pyrethrum on human mucosal cells of the inferior and middle nasal conchae. Am J Rhinol 2005, 19, 141–151.
15.
Tisch M, Schmezer P, Faulde M, Groh A, Maier H: Genotoxicity studies on permethrin, DEET and diazinon in primary human nasal mucosal cells. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2002, 259, 150–153.
16.
Yoshida T: Simultaneous determination of 18 pyrethroids in indoor air by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009, 1216, 5069–5076.
| eISSN: | 1898-2263 |
| ISSN: | 1232-1966 |
Improvement of visual identification of the journal - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to the activities of disseminating science.
Generation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - task financed under the agreement No. 618/P-DUN/2019 by the Minister of Science and Higher
© 2006-2024 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
