RESEARCH PAPER
Changes in leptospirosis etiology in animals and humans
1
Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, I. Ya. Horbachevsky State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
2
Corresponding member of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, I. Ya. Horbachevsky State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
3
SI “Ternopil Regional Laboratory Centre of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”
4
Ternopil State Regional Laboratory of Veterinary, Ukraine
5
Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Department, I. Ya. Horbachevsky State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Corresponding author
Iaryna Iosyk
Assistant of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Department, I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine., Maydan Voli, 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine
Assistant of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Department, I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine., Maydan Voli, 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(4):671-675
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Leptospirosis is endemic in Ternopil region. In Ukraine, the disease is registered in almost all regions, including the Ternopil region. The aim of the research is to study the regularities of epidemic and epizootic processes of leptospirosis, and the circulation of its pathogens among different sources (small mammals, animals) and humans.
Material and methods:
Etiologic spectrum of leptospirosis registered in Ternopil region in 1972–2016 among small mammals, farm animals and sick people was studied.
Results:
Due to the analysis of pathogens circulation among different sources (small mammals, animals), as well as the annual morbidity in humans, it was proved that new leptospira serovars are endemic and brought into the regions mostly by farm animals. Farm animals introduce the infection to humans through the environment, sometimes within 3–5-years. The spread was observed of pathogen serovars, which are new in certain areas, among all types of mouse-like small mammals and rats. It was established that livestock and small mammals are parallel reservoirs.
Conclusions:
In the regions with endemic species, the structural modification in the etiology of leptospirosis in humans is caused by additional reservoirs among animals, as well as the circulation of other pathogen serovars that were absent in the main natural reservoir, i.e. mouse-like small mammals and rats. The constant monitoring of the population, contamination and carrier state of mouse-like small mammals, rats and farm animals, is required In order to predict the future epidemiological situation on leptospirosis among the population and to improve leptospirosis diagnosis.
Leptospirosis is endemic in Ternopil region. In Ukraine, the disease is registered in almost all regions, including the Ternopil region. The aim of the research is to study the regularities of epidemic and epizootic processes of leptospirosis, and the circulation of its pathogens among different sources (small mammals, animals) and humans.
Material and methods:
Etiologic spectrum of leptospirosis registered in Ternopil region in 1972–2016 among small mammals, farm animals and sick people was studied.
Results:
Due to the analysis of pathogens circulation among different sources (small mammals, animals), as well as the annual morbidity in humans, it was proved that new leptospira serovars are endemic and brought into the regions mostly by farm animals. Farm animals introduce the infection to humans through the environment, sometimes within 3–5-years. The spread was observed of pathogen serovars, which are new in certain areas, among all types of mouse-like small mammals and rats. It was established that livestock and small mammals are parallel reservoirs.
Conclusions:
In the regions with endemic species, the structural modification in the etiology of leptospirosis in humans is caused by additional reservoirs among animals, as well as the circulation of other pathogen serovars that were absent in the main natural reservoir, i.e. mouse-like small mammals and rats. The constant monitoring of the population, contamination and carrier state of mouse-like small mammals, rats and farm animals, is required In order to predict the future epidemiological situation on leptospirosis among the population and to improve leptospirosis diagnosis.
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