BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Peptidoglycans in cutting fluids – a good indicator of bacterial contamination?
 
More details
Hide details
1
Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
Corresponding author
Marcin Cyprowski   

Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(2):256-258
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Objective:
The aim of this study was to estimate the content of peptidoglycans in cutting fluids (CFs) and to assess the possibility of using them as a marker of bacterial contamination in this type of occupational environment.

Material and Methods:
A total of 11 samples of CFs were collected: 8 were taken from the working machine systems and 3 were unused CF samples. The peptidoglycans were determinated with the kinetic version of the Silkworm Larvae Plasma (SLP) test.

Results:
The average concentration of bacteria was 5.58×105 CFU/mL, and peptidoglycans – 28.2 ng/mL. The variability for peptidoglycans concentration was less pronounced than that for bacteria (GSD 6 and 13.3, respectively). Taking into consideration the National Research and Safety Institute (INRS – Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité) limit value the concentrations of bacteria and peptidoglycans, as well as the usage of the fluids, the analysis showed that peptidoglycans reflect the differences between the studied factors much more accurately than bacteria. The correlation analysis, however, showed that the levels of peptidoglycans in the examined CFs strongly correlated with the concentrations of viable bacteria (R2 = 0.50, p<0.05).

Conclusions:
The study confirmed that the CFs may contain immunologically active substances of bacterial origin even though they did not show any bacterial growth. Moreover, it showed that the concentrations of peptidoglycans in CFs precisely reflect the exposure to bacteria, and as a structural component of the cell wall can be treated as their marker.

 
REFERENCES (15)
1.
Mattsby-Baltzer I, Sandin M, Ahlström B, Allenmark S, Edebo M. Microbial growth and accumulation in industrial metal-working fluids. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989; 55: 2681–2689.
 
2.
Cyprowski M, Piotrowska M, Żakowska Z, Szadkowska-Stańczyk I. Microbial and endotoxin contamination of water-soluble metalworking fluids. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007; 20: 365–371.
 
3.
Webster AR, Lee LY, Deininger RA. Rapid assessment of microbial hazards in metalworking fluids. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2005; 2: 213–218.
 
4.
Gilbert Y, Veillette M, Duchaine C. Metalworking fluids biodiversity characterization. J Appl Microbiol. 2010; 108: 437–449.
 
5.
Selvaraju SB, Kapoor R, Yadav JS. Peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) assay for specific detection of Mycobacterium immunogenum and DNA-FISH assay for analysis of pseudomonads in metalworking fluids and sputum. Mol Cell Probes. 2008; 22: 273–280.
 
6.
Laitinen S, Linnainmaa M, Laitinen J, Kiviranta H, Reiman M. Endotoxins and IgG antibodies as indicators of occupational exposure to the microbal contaminants of metal-working fluids. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999; 72: 443–450.
 
7.
Liebers V, Brüning T, Raulf-Heimsoth M. Occupational endotoxin-exposure and possible health effects on humans. Am J Ind Med. 2006; 49: 474–491.
 
8.
Kobayashi T, Tani T, Yokota T, Kodama M. Detection of peptidoglycan in human plasma using the silkworm larvae plasma test. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000; 28: 49–53.
 
9.
Myhre AE, Aasen AO, Thiemermann C, Wang JE. Peptidoglycan – an endotoxin in its own right? Shock. 2006; 25: 227–235.
 
10.
Takada H, Galanos C. Enhancement of endotoxin lethality and generation of anaphylactoid reactions by lipopolysaccharides in muramyl-dipeptide-treated mice. Infect Immun. 1987; 55: 409–413.
 
11.
Jolie R, Bäckström L, Gunderson P. Airborne contaminants and farmers health in swine farms with high and low prevalence of respiratory diseases in pigs. Ann Agric Environ Med. 1998; 5: 87–92.
 
12.
Laitinen S, Kangas J, Husman K, Susitaival P. Evaluation of exposure to airborne bacterial endotoxins and peptidoglycans in selected work environments. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2001; 8: 213–219.
 
13.
Góra A, Mackiewicz B, Krawczyk P, Golec M, Skórska M, Sitkowska J, et al. Occupational exposure to organic dust, microorganisms, endotoxin and peptidoglycan among plants processing workers in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2009; 16: 143–150.
 
14.
Veillette M, Thorne P, Gordon T, Duchaine C. Six month tracking of microbial growth in a metalworking fluid after system cleaning and recharging. Ann Occup Hyg. 2004; 48: 541–546.
 
15.
National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases in France (INRS): Captation and treatment of working fluid aerosol, practical ventilation guide. ED 972, Paris; 2005 (in French).
 
eISSN:1898-2263
ISSN:1232-1966
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top