RESEARCH PAPER
Level of contamination with mycobiota and contents of mycotoxins from the group of trichothecenes in grain of wheat , oats, barley, rye and triticale harvested in Poland in 2006–2008
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
 
 
Corresponding author
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska   

Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
 
 
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(1):49-55
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and Objective:
The risk of cereal exposure to microbial contamination is high and possible at any time, starting from the period of plant vegetation, through harvest, up to the processing, storage and transport of the final product. Contents of mycotoxins in grain are inseparably connected with the presence of fungal biomass, the presence of which may indicate the occurrence of a fungus, and indirectly also products of its metabolism.

Material and Methods:
Analyses were conducted on 378 grain samples of wheat, triticale, barley, rye and oats collected from grain silos located at grain purchase stations and at mills in Poland in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The concentrations of ERG and mycotoxins from the group of trichothecenes, as well as CFU numbers were analysed.

Results:
The tested cereals were characterised by similarly low concentrations of both the investigated fungal metabolites and the level of microscopic fungi. However, conducted statistical analyses showed significant variation between tested treatments. Oat and rye grain contained the highest amounts of ERG, total toxins and CFU. In turn, the lowest values of investigated parameters were found in grain of wheat and triticale.

Conclusions:
Chemometric analyses, based on the results of chemical and microbiological tests, showed slight differences between contents of analysed metabolites between the years of the study, and do not confirm the observations on the significance of the effect of weather conditions on the development of mycobiota and production of mycotoxins; however, it does pertain to treatments showing no significant infestation. Highly significant correlations between contents of trichothecenes and ERG concentration (higher than in the case of the correlation of the total toxin concentrations/log cfu/g), indicate that the level of this metabolite is inseparably connected with mycotoxin contents in grain.

 
REFERENCES (19)
1.
Richard JL. Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses-an overview. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007; 119: 3–10.
 
2.
Perkowski J, Buśko M, Stuper K, Kostecki M, Matysiak A, Szwajkowska-Michałek L. Concentration of ergosterol in small-grained naturally contaminated and inoculated cereals, Biologia 2008; 63(4): 542–547.
 
3.
Sobrova P, Adam V, Vasatkova A, Beklova M, Zeman L, Kizek R. Deoxynivalenol and its toxicity. Interdisc Toxicol. 2010; 3(3): 94–99.
 
4.
Perkowski J, Wiwart M, Stuper K, Buśko M, Matysiak A, Suchowilska E. Concentration of fungal biomass and trichothecenes in different parts of einkorn. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2011; 18: 111–119.
 
5.
Stuper-Szablewska K, Perkowski J. Contamination of wheat grain with microscopic fungi and their metabolites in Poland in 2006–2009. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014; 21(3): 598–603.
 
6.
Maupetit P, Gatel F, Cahagnier B, Botorel G, Charlier M, Collet B, Dauvillier P, Laffiteau J, Roux G. Quantitative estimation of fungal infestation of feedstuffs by determining ergosterol content, 44ThAnnual meeting of EAAP Aarhus, Denmark, 16–19 August 1993, Commission of animal nutrition, 16, 20.
 
7.
Schnürer J, Jonsson A. Ergosterol levels and mould colony forming units in Swedish grain of food and feed grade. Acta Agric Scan. 1992; 42: 240–245.
 
8.
Stuper K, Buśko M, Perkowski J. Rozwój chemicznych metod oznaczania zawartości mikroflory grzybowej w produktach zbożowych. ABiD. 2008; 4: 68–74 (in Polish).
 
9.
Seitz LM, Mohr HE, Burroughs R, Sauer DB. Ergosterol as an indicator of fungal invasion in grains. Cereal Chem. 1977; 54: 1207–1217.
 
10.
Müller HM, Lehn C. Ergosterin als Mass für das Pilzwachstum in Futtermitteln. 1. Mitteilung. Ergosteringehalt von Getride. Arch Anim Nut. 1988; 38: 227–240.
 
11.
Miedaner T, Perkowski J. Correlations among Fusarium culmorum head blight resistance, fungal colonization and mycotoxin contens in winter rye. Plant Breed. 1996; 115: 347–351.
 
12.
Gawrysiak-Witulska M, Wawrzyniak J, Ryniecki A, Perkowski J. Relationship of ergosterol content and fungal contamination and assessment of technological quality of malting barley preserved in a metal silo using the near-ambient method. J Stored Prod Res. 2008; 44: 360–365.
 
13.
Baliukoniene V, Bakutis B, Stankevicius H. Mycological and mycotoxicological evaluation of grain. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2003; 10: 223–227.
 
14.
Neagu C, Tofan C. Cereal contamination with toxinogenic moulds. J Agroaliment Proces Tech. 2008; 14: 237–24.
 
15.
Krysińska-Traczyk E, Kiecana I, Perkowski J, Dutkiewicz J. Levels of fungi and mycotoxins in samples of grain and grain dust collected on farms in eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2001; 8: 269–274.
 
16.
Schothorst K, van Egmond D. 2004. Report EC SCOOP TASK 3.2.10. Collection of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU Member States. [http://ec.europa. eu/food/fs/scoop/task3210.pdf].
 
17.
Keblys M, Flyen A, Langseth W. Changes in grain production, mechanisms for sale of grain and possible effects on grain quality in Lithuania in the period 1990–1999. Acta Agric Scan. 2000; 50: 97–101.
 
18.
Garaleviciene D, Pettersson H, Agnedal M. Occurrence of trichothecenes, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereals and mixed feed from central Lithuania. Mycotoxin Res. 2002; 18: 77–89.
 
19.
Mankevičienė A, Butkutė B, Dabkevičius Z, Supronienė S. Fusarium mycotoxins in Lithuanian cereals from the 2004–2005 harvests. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2007; 14: 103–107.
 
eISSN:1898-2263
ISSN:1232-1966
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top